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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(5): 1558-1563, oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521033

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: In solid and malignant tumors, innate and adaptive immunity are combined in antitumor responses. This study aimed to analyze the activation of plasma cells and the correlation between the infiltration of B and T lymphocytes with the degree of malignancy or Gleason grade in human prostate biopsies diagnosed with cancer. Prostate cancer biopsies were obtained from the Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile (n=70), according to the bioethical norms of the institution. Histological sections of 5µm thickness were processed for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against BL and total TL (HRP/DAB). Recognition and quantification were performed under a Leica DM750 optical microscope. Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software were used for the statistical study. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) and mean comparison tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) and p≤ 0.05 were developed. B and T lymphocyte populations were inversely interregulated in prostate cancer (Gleason) (r= -0.46). Their relationship with Gleason grade is variable according to lymphocyte type (LB vs. Gleason r= -0.0.47 and LT vs. Gleason r= -0.21). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer correlates with a predominance of LT. The malignancy of the pathology correlates with a predominance of LTs, according to the Gleason grade. The increased knowledge of B and T lymphocyte infiltration and plasma cell activation could be used to better target clinical trials on treatments based on immune system responses. Immunotherapy could be a new paradigm to apply better antitumor therapy strategies.


En tumores sólidos y malignos, la inmunidad innata y adaptativa se combinan en respuestas antitumorales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la activación de células plasmáticas y la correlación entre la infiltración de linfocitos B y T con el grado de malignidad o grado de Gleason en biopsias de próstata humana diagnosticadas con cáncer. Las biopsias de cáncer de próstata se obtuvieron del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (n=70), de acuerdo con las normas bioéticas de la institución. Secciones histológicas de 5 µm de espesor fueron procesadas para inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos primarios contra LB y LT total (HRP/DAB). El reconocimiento y las cuantificaciones se realizaron bajo un microscopio óptico Leica DM750. Para el estudio estadístico se utilizaron los programas Microsoft Excel y GraphPad. Se desarrollaron pruebas de coeficiente de correlación (Pearson) y comparación de medias (Kruskal-Wallis y Dunn) y p≤ 0.05. Los resultados muestran que las poblaciones de linfocitos B y T están inversamente interreguladas en el cáncer de próstata (r= -0,4578). Su relación con el grado de Gleason es variable según el tipo de linfocito (LB vs Gleason r= -0,47* y LT vs Gleason r= -0,21). Se concluye que la malignidad del cáncer de próstata se correlaciona con un predominio de LT, versus el grado de Gleason. El mayor conocimiento de la infiltración de linfocitos B y T y la activación de células plasmáticas podría aprovecharse para una mejor orientación de ensayos clínicos en tratamientos basados en las respuestas del sistema inmunitario. La inmunoterapia podría ser un nuevo paradigma para aplicar mejores estrategias de terapias antitumorales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Plasma Cells , Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , T-Lymphocytes , Biopsy , Immunohistochemistry , B-Lymphocytes , Immunomodulation , Neoplasm Grading , Microscopy
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 882-887, Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124870

ABSTRACT

The different pathologies of the prostate, involve the presence of a new microenvironment where inflammatory cells are actively recruited. This research explores the presence of mast cells and eosinophils associated with age and the evaluation of prostate cancer progress (Gleason Index). Forty two biopsies of anonymized patients, with confirmed prostate cancer, were used for histological analysis for eosinophils and mast cells and subsequent determination of Gleason index according to age. The results of the histological analyzes show the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in prostate biopsies with confirmed cancer. In the multiple correlation studies, a high correlation was observed between the presence of lymphocytes and the age of the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer, same correlation was observed between the patient's age and higher Gleason Index (Pearson and Spearman p< 0.05). It is concluded that in prostate biopsies from Chilean patients with confirmed cancer, eosinophilia and tissue mastocytosis were observed. Correlation analyzes show a direct correlation between older patients, higher Gleason index and presence of mast cell. Regarding eosinophilia, only a correlation between age and Gleason index was observed Further studies are suggested to determine that the presence of eosinophils and mast cells can be used as early bioindicators of prostate cancer.


Las diferentes patologías de próstata, involucran la presencia de un nuevo microambiente donde las células inflamatorias son activamente reclutadas. La presente investigación explora la presencia de mastocitos y eosinófilos asociadas a la edad y la evaluación del progreso del cáncer de próstata según índice de Gleason. Cuarenta y dos biopsias de pacientes anonimizados, con cáncer prostático confirmados, fueron utilizadas para su análisis histológico para eosinófilos y mastocitos y posterior determinación del índice de Gleason según edad. Los resultados de los análisis histológicos, muestran la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos en biopsias de próstata con cáncer confirmado. En los estudios de correlación múltiple, se observó una alta correlación entre la presencia de linfocitos, mastocitos y la edad del paciente diagnosticado con cáncer prostático, igual correlación se observó entre la edad del paciente y mayor índice de Gleason (Pearson y Spearman p<0,05). Se concluyó que en las biopsias de próstata de pacientes chilenos con cáncer confirmado, se observó eosinofilia y mastocitosis tisular. Los análisis de correlación muestran una correlación directa entre pacientes de mayor edad, índice de Gleason más alto y la presencia de mastocitos. Con respecto a la eosinofilia, solo se observó una correlación entre la edad y el índice de Gleason. Se sugieren estudios adicionales para determinar que la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos puede usarse como bioindicadores tempranos del cáncer de próstata.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biopsy , Mastocytosis/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Chile , Age Factors , Eosinophilia/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer , Neoplasm Grading
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(8): 1021-1027, ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902580

ABSTRACT

Background: 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT scintigraphy is a useful tool in the pre-operative study of hyperparathyroidism. False negatives (FN) have been reported in 5.7-14% of the examinations. Aim: To characterize 99mTc-sestamibi FN in cases referred for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) to a university hospital. Material and Methods: Descriptive retrospective analysis. We included patients with PHP, studied with SPECT scintigraphy, operated at our center between 2008 and 2015. Clinical and surgical data were recorded; biopsies of the FN were blindly reviewed by one pathologist. Results: One hundred twenty one scintigraphies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven (5.8%) were negative and 114 positive. There was no difference in age, sex and PTH levels between FN and true positive scintigraphies. At surgery, one FN case had two hyperplasic glands and two cases had ectopic glands. Pathology reported adenoma in three cases, hyperplasia in three and carcinoma in one. The largest diameter of the lesion was lower in FN (1.3 and 2.1 cm respectively, p = 0.02) and the proportion of adenomas was higher in true positive cases (29% and 75% respectively; p < 0.01). The interval between scintigraphy and parathyroidectomy was greater in FN with a median of 92 days (range 20 days-3.2 years, p < 0.01). The percentage of oxyphilic cells observed was similar in both groups. Conclusions: FN parathyroid SPECT scintigraphies in PHP are uncommon. They corresponded to lesions under the equipment's resolution limit and resulted in longer time lags between scintigraphy and surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Radiopharmaceuticals , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenoma/pathology , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/pathology , False Negative Reactions , Hyperplasia/pathology , Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 74(2): 151-154, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726166

ABSTRACT

Los pólipos linfangiomatosos son malformaciones congénitas de tipo hamartomatosas caracterizados histológicamente por una proliferación linfática vascular con distintos grados de componente fibroso, adiposo y linfático, cubiertos por un epitelio escamoso. Dado a que se conocen por distintos nombres en la literatura, sólo se han descrito alrededor de 30 casos de pólipos linfagiomatosos como tal. De etiopatogenia desconocida, se presentan como una masa polipoidea o papilomatosa en las amígdalas palatinas, con sintomatología variable. Su diagnóstico definitivo es histológico tras una resección completa. No se han reportado casos de malignización ni recurrencia. En el presente trabajo se reporta el caso de un paciente de 5 años con historia de crecimiento amigdalino bilateral de dos años de evolución. La biopsia definitiva demuestra una poliposis linfangiomatosa de amígdalas palatinas y adenoides.


Lymphangiomatous polyps are hamartomatous congenital malformations. They are histologically characterized by a vascular lymphatic proliferation associated with fibrous, adipose and lymphatic components covered by squamous epithelium. There are only 30 cases described in the literature by the name of lymphangiomatous polyp, since it has multiple denominations. Even though their etiopathogenesis is unknown, their clinical presentation is described as a polypoid mass in the palatine tonsils, which may have multiple manifestations. The diagnosis is made histologically after complete resection. There have not been reports of malignant transformation nor recurrence. We present a case of a five year old patient with history of bilateral palatine tonsil growth. Final biopsy described lymphangiomatous polyps of adenoids and palatine tonsils.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Palatine Tonsil/surgery , Palatine Tonsil/pathology , Hamartoma/surgery , Hamartoma/pathology , Polyps/pathology , Tonsillectomy , Adenoidectomy , Adenoids/surgery , Adenoids/pathology
6.
Rev. chil. urol ; 78(2): 71-75, ago. 2013. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774060

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La infertilidad masculina afecta aproximadamente al 7por ciento de los hombres, presentándose hasta el 15 por ciento de ellos con azoospermia. El conocimiento del tipo de azoospermia (obstructiva o no obstructiva) y la localización de la falla (pre-testicular, testicular o post-testicular) es vital para conocer el pronóstico de fertilidad de la pareja y plantear un plan terapéutico adecuado. Actualmente, la extracción de espermatozoides desde epidídimo o testículo de pacientes azoospérmicos, y la posterior inyección intracitoplásmática de éstos (ICSI, por sus siglas en inglés) ha permitido obtener embriones viables para su posterior transferencia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 42 parejas infértiles con diagnóstico de azoospermia; que se sometieron a biopsia testicular, ICSI y posterior transferencia de embriones, entre los años 2004 y 2012. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de la edad de los pacientes, resultados de la histopatología testicular y su asociación con los resultados de la fertilización asistida. Resultados: 42 pacientes azoospérmicos se sometieron a biopsia testicular y extracción de espermatozoides en el mismo acto quirúrgico. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 36 años para los hombres y 32 años para las mujeres. En el análisis histológico de los tejidos testiculares, el 31por ciento de los pacientes presentaban espermatogénesis conservada (EC), el 35.7 por ciento atrofia mixta (AM), el 14.3 por ciento hipoespermatogénesis (HE), el 14.3 por ciento detención de la maduración (DM) y un 4.8 por ciento presentaba otras histologías. Lograron embarazo clínico 14 de 42 parejas (33,3 por ciento), siendo la tasa de embarazo específica por patología de 38,5 por ciento para EC, 26.7 por ciento para AM, 50 por ciento para HE, 16,7 por ciento para DM y 50 por ciento para las otras histologías. 12 de las 42 parejas realizaron más de un ciclo de transferencias...


Introduction: Male infertility affects approximately 7percent of men, presenting up to 15 percent with azoospermia. Knowing the type of azoospermia (obstructive or non-obstructive) and the location of the problem (pre-testicular, testicular and post-testicular) is vital to recognize the fertility prognosis of the couple and present a proper treatment plan. Currently, the extraction of sperm from epididymis or testis of azoospermic patients, and subsequent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has yielded viable embryos for transfer. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 42 infertile couples diagnosed with azoospermia, who underwent testicular biopsy, ICSI and subsequent embryo transfer, between 2004 and 2012. We performed an analysis of the patients’ age, testicular histopathology results and their association with assisted fertilization outcome. Results: 42 azoospermic patients underwent testicular biopsy and sperm extraction in the same surgery. The average age of patients was 36 years for men and 32 years for women. Histologic analysis of testicular tissue showed that 31 percent of patients had normal spermatogenesis (NS), 35.7 percent mixed atrophy (MA), 14.3 percent hypospermatogenesis (HS), 14.3 percent maturation arrest (MTA) and 4.8 percent had other histologies. 14 of 42 couples achieved clinical pregnancy (33.3 percent), with a specific pregnancy rate of 38.5 percent for NS, 26.7 percent for MA, 50 percent for HS, 16.7 percent for MTA and 50 percent for other histologies. 12 of 42 couples underwent more than one transfer cycle. Conclusions: The use of ICSI is a suitable alternative for infertile couples with severe male factor. The results of this technique are favorable for most histologies. Patients with MA exhibit sertoli solo syndrome and / or tubular sclerosis foci associated to regions with normal spermatogenesis, enabling the sperm extraction for ICSI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Azoospermia/therapy , Infertility, Male/therapy , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Pregnancy Rate , Azoospermia/pathology , Biopsy , Spermatogenesis , Retrospective Studies , Fertilization , Infertility, Male/pathology , Testis/pathology , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(9): 1116-1125, set. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660068

ABSTRACT

Background: The usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-deoxyglucose (FDG) in sarcomas and non-sarcoma non-epithelial (NSNE) tumors is not clearly defined. Aim: To report a Chilean experience with NSNE tumors evaluated using PET with FDG. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of the database of a PET laboratory. Demographic data, indications and metabolic findings were compared with conventional imaging in 88 adults and children with diverse bone and soft tissue sarcomas as well as 24 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), 6 pleural malignant mesotheliomas in adults, and 9 medulloblastomas in children. Results: FDG showed good concordance with conventional imaging in NSNE tumors. It was helpful for staging, restaging, follow-up after treatment and for the detection of new not previously suspected lesions. Conclusions: PET with FDG could have a prognostic role and help in patient management, mainly in musculos-keletal and high grade or less differentiated sarcomas. In GIST, it was a good tool for immunotherapy control.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Neoplasms , Positron-Emission Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sarcoma , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(4): 455-458, ago. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649832

ABSTRACT

Actinomycosis is an infrequent infection caused by bacteria from Actinomyces genus that manifests as a chronic, suppurative and progressive disease. It's more common in men. Thoracic actinomycosis occurs in 15% of the cases, and infection of the chest wall is less frequent. The clinical presentation mimics tuberculosis or neoplastic processes. In this article we present the case of a 63 year-old man with no comorbidity, with pulmonary actinomycosis involving the chest wall mimicking a neoplastic process, basing the diagnosis on histopathologic findings.


La actinomicosis es una infección poco común causada por bacterias del género Actinomyces que se manifiesta como una enfermedad crónica, supurativa y progresiva. Es más frecuente en hombres. La actinomicosis torácica se presenta en 15% de los casos, siendo el compromiso de pared torácica aún menos frecuente. La presentación clínica simula procesos neoplásicos o tuberculosis. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 63 años, sin co-morbilidad, con una actinomicosis pulmonar con compromiso de pared torácica que simuló ser un proceso neoplásico. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por los hallazgos histopatológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Actinomycosis/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Lung/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Thoracic Wall/microbiology
9.
Biol. Res ; 45(3): 297-305, 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659287

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide. Chemotherapy response is very poor and resistance to hormone-based treatments is frequent in advances stages. Recently, tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in several cancers, including PCa. These cells are thought to be responsible for therapy resistance, relapse and metastasis. In the present work, enriched populations of CSCs were obtained using a mixed procedure that included differential clone-forming ability, sphere growing induction (prostatospheres) and magnetic-associated cell sorting (MACS). Also, stem marker expression was determined in PCa biopsies of different histological grades and metastasis samples. The signature for stem markers of the isolated CSCs was CD133+/CD44+/ABCG2+/ CD24-. Expression of stem markers (CD133, CD44, and ABCG2) was higher in medium Gleason biopsies than in lower and higher grades, and lymph-node and bone metastasis samples. These results suggest that the CSCs in PCa reach an important number in medium Gleason grades, when the tumor is still confined into the gland. At this stage, the surgical treatment is usually with curative intention. However, an important percentage of patients relapse after treatment. Number and signature of CSCs may be a prognosis factor for PCa recurrence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antigens, CD/analysis , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Biopsy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Cell Separation , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Stem Cell Assay , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
10.
Rev. chil. urol ; 72(1): 37-42, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474890

ABSTRACT

El oncocitoma renal es una neoplasia benigna, constituyendo una lesión rara del riñón. Clínicamente es indistinguible del carcinoma de células renales en donde la radiología muestra un tumor sólido renal cuyo diagnóstico definitivo es sólo mediante el estudio histológico. Objetivo: Conocer las características clínicas y anatomopatológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de oncocitoma renal. Material y Método: Se registró el total de pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor renal en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1991 y diciembre de 2005. Se incluyó en el estudio sólo aquellos pacientes que fueron sometidos cirugía. Posteriormente se revisaron los informes histológicos de las biopsias obtenidas seleccionándose sólo los pacientes con diagnóstico de oncocitoma renal. Resultados: El total de pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor renal corresponde a 303 casos, de los cuales 7 casos correspondieron a oncocitomas. La prevalencia del oncocitoma es de 2,3 por ciento. El 71 por ciento (n=5) corresponde a pacientes de sexo masculino y 29 por ciento (n=2) femenino. La edad promedio es de 59.4 años (rango 40-76). El diámetro máximo promedio fue de 4,5 cm (rango 1,8-9). La localización sigue a continuación: 5 casos riñón derecho y 2 casos riñón izquierdo. Ningún caso presentó necrosis ni mitosis. Dos (29 por ciento) y tres (43 por ciento) casos presentaron permeaciones vasculares y extensión extrarrenal, sin embargo todos los pacientes evolucionaron de forma satisfactoria, sin recurrencia ni presencia de metástasis. Conclusión: El oncocitoma renal presenta baja frecuencia, se presenta en el sexo masculino con mayor frecuencia, siendo su diagnóstico principalmente un hallazgo imagenológico, presentándose preferentemente en la edad adulta. El principal diagnóstico diferencial lo constituye el carcinoma de células renales cromófobo, variante eosinófilo.


Context: kidney oncytoma is thought to be a benign tumor and a rare lesion of the kidney. Its differentiation from renal cell carcinoma is difficult for both showing a solid mass in the x-rays, being this possible only through histopathology. Objetive: To know clinical and histological characteristics of patients with kidney oncocytoma. Methods: The total of patients with kidney tumor diagnosis at the HCUCH during December 1990 and December 2005 where registered. Only surgical patients were included in this study. Histological samples were analyzed and those with kidney oncocytoma diagnosis were selected. Results: The total number of patients with kidney tumor was 303, seven of which had diagnosis of oncocytoma. The prevalence of kidney oncocytoma is 2.3%, 71% of which were men (n=5) and 29% women (n=2). Mean age of presentation was 59.4 years (range 40-76). Maximal mean diameter was 4.5 cms. (range 1.8-9). In terms of localization 5 were in the right kidney and 3 were in the left one. Conclusion: kidney oncocytoma is a rare lesion, presented mostly in men and elderly, being its diagnosis mainly as a founding in images. Its main differential diagnosis is chromophobe variant of renal cell carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Adenoma, Oxyphilic/diagnosis , Adenoma, Oxyphilic/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney/injuries , Urologic Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Disease-Free Survival
11.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 31(2): 79-82, jun. 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-358187

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de siringoma condroide maligno en una paciente con una masa a nivel de CAE izquierdo y cuyo cuadro clínico se caracterizó por una oclusión total del lumen del conducto asociado a secreción purulenta y líquido serohemático. La escisión es la forma de tratamiento. Este tipo de expresión tumoral es infrecuente y corresponde a un tumor mixto de la piel que incluye elementos glandulares sudoríparos (siringoma) y tejido conectivo tipo cartilaginoso (condroide), por lo tanto es un tumor epitelial derivado de glándulas cerinas o apocrinas con cambios secundarios en el estroma, presentando además una similitud histológica con el adenoma pleomorfo en glándulas salivales.


Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/physiopathology , Ear Neoplasms
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